Understanding Glaucoma – New Perspectives on a Complex Condition

Glaucoma, often referred to as “green star” (green cataract), is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide. While elevated intraocular pressure was long considered the main cause, recent research shows that circulatory disorders, neurodegenerative processes, and genetic factors can also play a significant role. The disease is complex and requires an individual approach.

Causes and risk factors – beyond intraocular pressure

Recent scientific findings suggest that glaucoma is not just an eye disease, but also a neurodegenerative condition. Similar to Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s, the degeneration of nerve cells can lead to a progressive loss of function. Oxidative stress, disrupted cellular metabolism, reduced blood flow, and chronic inflammation all play a role. These findings open up new therapeutic approaches that go beyond pressure reduction alone.

Glaucoma as a neurodegenerative disease

While intraocular pressure remains a major risk factor, many other factors can increase the risk of glaucoma or influence its progression, especially in so-called “normal-tension glaucoma”:

• Microcirculatory disorders: Reduced blood supply to the retina and optic nerve can cause damage.
• Mitochondrial dysfunction: Impaired energy production in nerve cells may play a role.
• Autoimmune processes: Certain autoimmune responses may aggravate optic nerve damage.
• Chronic oxidative stress: Can lead to cellular damage and accelerated nerve cell loss.
• Impaired lymphatic drainage in the eye: New studies suggest that lymphatic vessels in the eye may also play a key role.

Early detection through innovative diagnostic methods

In addition to classic tonometry (intraocular pressure measurement) and perimetry (visual field analysis), increasingly advanced imaging technologies are being used:

• Optical coherence tomography (OCT): Provides high-resolution images of the retinal nerve fiber layer.
• Microperimetry: A more sensitive method for early detection of vision loss.
• Retinal vessel analysis: Shows changes in the blood circulation of the retina.
• Blood flow measurement of the optic nerve head: Can detect early circulatory disorders.

These methods help detect glaucoma at very early stages and allow for the development of tailored treatment strategies.

New approaches in glaucoma therapy

Traditionally, treatment focuses on reducing intraocular pressure through eye drops, laser procedures, or surgery. But novel therapeutic approaches target different mechanisms:

• Measures to improve blood circulation: Targeted enhancement of blood flow to the optic nerve through pharmacological or physical methods.
• Electrical stimulation therapy: New studies show that gentle electrical impulses can support nerve cell survival and reactivate dormant cells.
• Individual nutritional strategies: Certain antioxidants like resveratrol or omega-3 fatty acids may have a supportive effect.

The impact of lifestyle and prevention

A healthy lifestyle can significantly slow the progression of glaucoma – or even halt it – while promoting overall eye health. Particularly important are:

• Regular exercise: Improves circulation and may also help reduce intraocular pressure.
• Targeted nutrient intake: Vitamin B12, lutein, and zeaxanthin may have a protective effect on the optic nerve.
• Stress management: Chronic stress can constrict blood vessels and impair retinal circulation.
• Sleep hygiene: Studies show that poor sleep or sleep apnea may be associated with a higher glaucoma risk.

Conclusion – Glaucoma is treatable

Glaucoma is much more than just a pressure-related eye disease. It is a complex, multifactorial condition with neurodegenerative and vascular components. New scientific findings enable innovative treatment approaches that go beyond classical pressure reduction. Those looking to lower their glaucoma risk or slow disease progression should combine modern diagnostics, individualized therapies, and a health-conscious lifestyle. The SAVIR therapy takes a holistic approach and already incorporates many of the aspects mentioned above in its treatment methodology.